The mayor of the city, Yang Guangting, to Baoji Xinnuo for on-site research
The mayor of the city, Yang Guangting, led the relevant departments of the city and district to Baoji Xinnuo for on-site research on December 27, 2021. After visiting the product production site and listening to the work report of Chairman Zheng Yongli on the company\'s production and operation, military-civilian integration, and achievements in providing aerospace titanium products, the mayor gave high recognition and support to the company\'s products and market direction.Baoji Xinnuo company in 2021 in the process improvement, management improvement, military products expansion, R & D expansion, refining the team, integration of productivity, and other work direction has been significantly improved. It is an enterprise specializing in providing high-quality titanium materials for medical, military, and aerospace fields. At XINNUO Titanium, we focus on providing titanium materials for medical and military such as Gr1-Gr5, Gr23 titanium bars, wires, and sheets applications to meet any of your project needs. Our professional staff will provide you with more information about this amazing metal and how it can enhance your project. Contact us today.
Titanium bar for dental implants
Titanium is the best dental implant materials because it is biocompatible. This means it is right and closely matched the human body. It can also fuse with the human bone. The two pieces system allows for a customizable implant that solves low bone deficiencies.Dental implants made mainly from titanium have been used for the fabrication of dental implants since around 1981. The main alloys are commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and Ti-6Al-4V, both of which give clinical success rates of up to 99% at 10 years.
How XINNUO control the quality of medical titanium bars?
1) Chemical compositions is determined by the used titanium sponge grade, XINNUO uses O grade undersized grain; 2) Microstructure is determined by the melting times, XINNUO melts 3 times by imported Germany ALD oven; 3) Mechanical properties is determined by the rolling and annealing processes, XINNUO controls every production step; 4) Inner defects and surface crack is determined by the quality check, XINNUO uses the Eddy current flaw detector and Ultrasonic flaw detector to test every bar; 5) Surface of XINNUO titanium bars is checked by the ODE optical surface detector combine the manual detection; 6) Tolerance of XINNUO titanium bars is checked by the Infra-ray diameter gauge.All these processes lead to the final quality of the medical titanium bars and ensured the quality of XINNUO products.
What do you need to know about Titanium Expo 2021?
First of all, warm congratulations on the successful conclusion of the 3-day Baoji 2021 Titanium Import and Export Fair. What can you learn through the exhibition? Baoji, China\'s Titanium Valley, is home to many titanium producers. The fair covers titanium materials for medical, industrial and chemical industries, titanium lifestyle products, advanced production and processing equipment, auxiliary tools and more. Here you will easily find many competent factories and traders. As an excellent manufacturer of medical titanium, XINNUO was honoured to be interviewed by the local TV station. During the interview, our sales director Mr Gao Xiaodong introduced our products and their applications in the medical field to the media. During the exhibition, on the morning of 22 April 2021, Xinnuo hosted the Titanium Industry Summit Forum and Medical Titanium Application Forum organized by the government in the exhibition conference hall. Professors of medical surgery, members of the China Medical Devices Industry Association for Surgical Implants, professors from the School of Materials and other experts made an analysis and exchange about the application of titanium materials in the medical field and future market development. They believe that titanium alloy materials will be widely used in the future medical market due to their good biocompatibility and excellent performance and other characteristics. Finally, Mr Ma Honggang, Chief Engineer of Baoji Xinnuo Company, made a professional report on the latest material research projects of the company in conjunction with the development of our company and the current market situation.XINNUO will persist in its commitment and focus on raw materials for medical implants. Contribute what we can to human health. We focus on providing titanium materials for medical applications to meet your project needs. Our professional staff will provide you with more information about this amazing metal and how it can enhance your project. Contact us today!
What is the Element Titanium?
■ About titaniumElemental titanium is a metallic compound that is resistant to cold and naturally rich in properties. Its strength and durability make it quite versatile. It has an atomic number of 22 on the periodic table. titanium is the ninth most abundant element on earth. It is almost always found in rocks and sediments. It is usually found in minerals such as ilmenite, rutile, titanite and many iron ores.■ Properties of titaniumTitanium is a hard, shiny, strong metal. In its natural state it is a solid. It is as strong as steel, but not as dense. Titanium can withstand extreme temperatures, is resistant to corrosion and blends well with bone. These desirable properties make titanium an ideal material for a variety of fields, including aerospace, defence and medical. Titanium melts at a temperature of 2,030 degrees Fahrenheit.■ Uses of titaniumTitanium\'s strength, resistance to corrosion and extreme temperatures and its abundance of natural resources make it an ideal material for a variety of applications. It is often used as an alloy with other metals, such as iron and aluminium. From aircraft to laptops, from sunscreen to paint, titanium is used for everything.■ The history of titaniumThe earliest known existence of titanium dates back to 1791, where it was discovered by the Reverend William Gregor or Cornwall. Gregor found an alloy of titanium and iron in some black sand. He analysed it and subsequently reported it to the Royal Geological Society in Cornwall.A few years later, in 1795, a German scientist named Martin Heinrich Klaproth discovered and analysed a red ore in Hungary. Klaproth realised that both his discovery and Gregor\'s contained the same unknown element. He then came up with the name titanium, which he named after the titan, the son of the goddess of the earth in Greek mythology.Throughout the 19th century, small quantities of titanium were mined and produced. Armies around the world began to use titanium for defence purposes and for firearms.Pure titanium metal as we know it today was first made in 1910 by M.A. Hunter, who melted titanium tetrachloride with sodium metal while working for General Electric.In 1938, metallurgist William Kroll proposed a mass-production process for extracting titanium from its ore. This process is the reason why titanium became mainstream. the Kroll process is still used today to produce large quantities of titanium.Titanium is a popular metal compound in manufacturing. Its strength, low density, durability and shiny appearance make it an ideal material for pipes, tubes, rods, wires and protective plating.At XINNUO Titanium, we focus on providing titanium materials for medical and military applications to meet any of your project needs. Our professional staff will provide you with more information about this amazing metal and how it can enhance your project. Contact us today.
China International Titanium Industry Expo 2021
The 4th China Titanium Valley International Titanium Industry Expo will be held on 21-23 April 2021 at the Baoji Convention and Exhibition Centre. During the same period, the 2021 China Titanium Annual Meeting and Titanium Industry Summit Forum will be held at the Aoston-Ushang Hotel.As a leading manufacturer of medical titanium material, Xinnuo will make a report with domestic orthopaedic experts on the current situation and future market situation of titanium in the medical industry.Now we invite you to meet again in \"Oriental Titanium Valley\" and share the great event of titanium industry.More information on request, please contact us!
Why is used Ti-6Al-4V ELI (grade 23) instead of Ti-6Al-4V (grade 5) on medical implants?
Ti6Al4V ELI and Ti-6Al-4V (grade 5) are both typically very good materials for medical biocompatibility. 6AL-4V ELI is also known as grade 23 titanium and ASTM F136.Ti6Al4V ELI (grade 23) is very similar to Ti6Al4V (grade 5) and ELI is short for \"extra low clearance\". Except that the Ti6Al4V ELI has a reduced oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and iron content, with the maximum oxygen content reduced to 0.13%, giving the material better ductility and better fracture toughness.GradeTiAlVFeCNHOTi6Al4VBalance5.5-6.753.5-4.50.30.080.050.0150.26AL-4V ELI Balance5.5-6.53.5-4.50.250.080.030.0120.136Al-4V ELI is one of the most widely used titanium alloys in the medical industry, it is ASTM F136 certified and is commonly referred to as implant grade 6-4 titanium. Its biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, high strength and toughness properties make it particularly suitable for implants and other medical devices.More information on request, please feel free to contact us.
Products and Service of Xinnuo
1. How much the titanium products?In general,titanium raw materials can cost $25.0–$125.0 upfront depending on a wide range of factors including standard, grade, size,surface, tolerence,performance and quantity. Send inquiries to xn85@bjxngs.com, xn@bjxngs.com,bjxndana@bjxngs.com to request a detailed quotation. 2. What are hot sale regular size you businessed?We are experienced in all size per medical standard,combined with actual sales, the hot sizes are as follows.Titanium materials is divided into 3 types:(1) Titanium bar and wire with diameter 1.0mm-65.0mm, hot regular size are 5.0mm-14.0mm.(2) Titanium sheet with thickness 0.5mm-10mm, hot regular size is 1.5mm-6.0mm. 3. How Can I get a quotation?Call us at +86 0917 6758792 or send inquiries to xn85@bjxngs.com and someone will be happy to assist you! 4. What is your company\'s production capacity?20 tons per month for Titanium wire and bar; 8-10 tons per month for Titanium sheet. 5. What\'s your payment terms?Usually, 30% T/T after contract signed, the balance before the shipment. If other payment method on request, will fully cooperate. 6. How do you ensure quality of the titanium material before delivery?Machines will be dected and tested for their performance, hardness,strength, metallographic structureby, surface,diameter and internal cracks final quality control teams before delivery. A Factory Acceptance Test will be conducted for client’s approval in accordance with the agreed specification / Contract; all testing certifiction are to be supplied. 7. What is the purchase procedure?Let us specify the purchase procedure road map:(1) Identify titanium product specifications you want to make.(2) Confirm the quantity and lead time.(3)Arrange for production after you have confirmed your consent.
Who are we and what we can service you?
1. What kind of titanium material do you produce?We manufacture all standard Titanium materials for medical and military industry that are categorized into 3 types:(1) Titanium Bar(2) Titanium Wire(3) Titanium SheetStandard: ASTM F136;ASTM F67;ASTM F1295;ISO-5832-2/3/11 for medical application. 2. Do you produce titanium material in-house or are they outsourced?Are you a titanium manufacturing factory?Established in 2004, all of our products are produced in-house by a dynamic team of experienced engineers who have been solely devoted to this filed for 20-30 years. Moreover, we are proud to have more than 200 experienced workers and 7 standard workshops, producing 90% processing is in-house. (Only forging is outside processing.)(Factory pictures and equipments as below) 3. Where is your titanium material manufacturng factory located?Our titanium factory is located in Baoji City, Shannxi Province,China.More detailed: 22nd Road, High-tech Avenue, Weibin District. It’s a city where top performance excellent titanium technical staff and R&D personnel supports are more accessible.Can I come to your factory to observe titanium products running?On-site titanium products running is available for observation should you book appointments with our sales representatives ( xn85@bjxngs.com) and advise your itinerary at least 10 days before your visit.We will arrange a pick-up from where you arrive in Xi\'an to our factory. 4. What makes XINNUO unique in the titanium industry?We do what other titanium vendors can not do.Xinnuo\'s Exclusive Market Positioning:Xinnuo is the only one in China who is solely devoted to and focused on medical implant material and military manufacturing that we shared as below:(1) Professional medical titanium manufacturer with 17 years of experience in the industry.(2) 6 departments under the company to grasp all the smallest aspects of production.(3) Technical R&D team to assist customers in developing new products together. 5. Why should I buy titanium material from XINNUO?Integrity and quality enable us to serve 40% of the domestic medical titanium market.Xinnuo’s products advantage:(1) Raw material.we use 0 grade titanium sponge with analysis certificate. not reuse of scrap. (2) Complete supply chain.All processing are finished by 7 workshops.(3) Advanced equipment. Import ALD vacumm melting furnace and high precision machining equipment.(4) 100% testing of products prior to warehousing.(5) Complete after-sales system.Any Problems with materials in processing,technical involvement in discussions to resolve. 6. What is your exclusive offer that we can not get from other titanium material suppliers?(1) The production process of your order can be seen on video if demand.(2) 50 tons of stock storage capacity to meet customer\'s urgent orde.7. Have you sold any titanium material overseas?We entered global market in 2006 with most overseas customers coming from markets where titanium are in soaring demand such as U.S.A, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Germany,Turkey, India, South Korea, Egypt etc. With our global marketing channels expanding, we are looking forward to having more international players join us and become our happy customers. 8. Are your titanium material with ISO Certified?Our titanium products are ISO certified. ISO 9001:2015; ISO 13485:2016
How Titanium Helps Lives
Titanium is a highly desirable metal that works great for a variety of functions and in many different industries. As it is a metal, one would likely think titanium is best used in manufacturing, aerospace, automobile, marine, firearms, military and building. You would be right to associate titanium with these industries.The biggest reason titanium is so popular is its unique, favorable characteristics. Titanium behaves differently from other metals and has properties that make it do things other metals simply can’t.Among the highest regarded, favorable properties of titanium include its durability and strength, light weight, flexibility, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility.The latter characteristic of titanium is what makes it popular to use in the medical and dental industry. Titanium’s biocompatibility property is what makes it a life-saver.How is titanium used in the medical and dental industries?In the field of medicine, you’ll find titanium used in:Joint ReplacementsTitanium’s biocompatibility means that it can be fused to bone without the risk of severe side effects, reactions or infection. The composition of the titanium is readily accepted by a patient’s body. Whenever any type of invasive surgery to have joints inserted needs undertaking, chances are, the surgeons will use titanium for the necessary replacements.Dental ImplantsMuch like bone and joint replacement procedures, titanium is also heavily used in dentistry for dental implants. The part of the implant that goes into the jawbone is titanium. Titanium’s biocompatibility makes the implant accepted by the body and encourages bone growth. As a result, a patient’s gums are strengthened, the implant is sturdy and at a low risk of infection, complications, and discomfort.SunscreenTitanium doesn’t come in just a solid state, but it can also come in the form of powder. Besides titanium rods being placed inside the body, titanium powder can be applied to the skin for an effective sunscreen. The titanium oxide (titanium powder) prevents the sun’s harmful UV light from penetrating the skin.3D Printing With TitaniumChances are, you’ve heard of 3D printing, which has yielded amazing results and possibilities. 3D printing has many advantages over traditional manufacturing including a faster turnaround time, greater accuracy and the ability to produce customized, highly detailed parts.The success of 3D printing has made it a good fit for the medical and dental industries in producing implants, crowns, artificial joints, screws, plates, and prosthesis.It was inevitable that the success and technology of 3D printing would be combined with the durability, lightness, and corrosive-resistance of titanium.Titanium 3D printing has yielded even more advantages over traditional 3D printing including:1. Greater Design Complexity: The use of titanium powder creates a minimum thickness of .3-.4 millimeters which allow for more detailed and complex designs than what can be accomplished in traditional 3D printing.2. Excellent Strength and Durability Properties: The strength and durability of titanium aren’t lost during the melting process of 3D printing, meaning the resulting product is durable and strong. In fact, larger products can be produced with titanium 3D printing instead of piecing together smaller portions.3. Quicker Turnaround Time: Products manufactured using titanium 3D printing typically take from a few hours to a few days to complete.In titanium 3D printing, fine powder of titanium 6Al-4V is used. This specific grade of titanium is non-toxic, biocompatible, has a high melting point (3200 degrees F), is strong and durable, is lightweight and corrosion resistant.The unique properties of titanium have made it ideal to use in a variety of industries, including medicine and dentistry. The dental implants, joint replacements, sunscreen, screws and plates made of titanium have not only improved the quality of life for patients, but in some cases, they have saved lives.Xinnuo Titanium is a with a leading titanium supplier large inventory of titanium sheet, plate, bar and more available in the grade you need. For those that require a custom size, we can cut your titanium piece at our warehouse.Titanium has many applications, including saving lives. If you’re looking for high-quality titanium to use in medical procedures.Contact us today for a quote .
Preparation methods of 3D printing raw material
\'Additive manufacturing\', also known as \'3D printing\', has become one of the most advanced manufacturing technologies with nearly 30 years of rapid development.\'Additive manufacturing\' has been widely used in aerospace, automotive, medical and other industries.Refer to the definition given by ASTM:\'Additive manufacturing\' is the process of connecting materials into objects based on a 3D data model. Compared with the traditional way, \'Additive manufacturing\' technology does not require molds, the cycle from design to finished product is shorter, and is not limited by structure and materials.Due to the above advantages, the \'Additive manufacturing\' technology has been praised by some European and American experts as the disruptive technology of the‘ third industrial revolution. Spherical metal powder material is the raw material and consumable of metal additive manufacturing (3D printing) process. Due to the different applications and manufacturing processes requirements, its preparation methods are also different. According to the preparation process, manufacturing methods mainly includes physical and chemical methods and mechanical methods. Current metal powders for additive manufacturing are mainly concentrated in materials such as titanium alloys, high-temperature alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys, high-strength steels, and mold steels.Plasma Rotating Electrode-comminuting Process (PREP), Plasma atomization PA (Plasma Atomization) andInduction-melting Gas Atomization (GA) are the current main preparation methods for metal powders for additive manufacturing. All these can produce spherical or near-spherical metal powders. Plasma Rotating Electrode-comminuting Process (PREP) is a spherical powder preparation process developed in Russia. The principle is shown in Figure 1. The metal or alloy is processed into a bar material ,then heated the bar by plasma. At the same time, the bar material rotates at a high speed, and the melted droplets are refined by centrifugal force, then which will solidify and spheroidization transform to powder by the surface tension in an inert gas environment. Plasma atomization PA (Plasma Atomization) is Canada AP & C\'s unique metal powder preparation technology. The plasma torch installed symmetrically on the top of the melting chamber forms a high-temperature plasma focus, the temperature can even be as high as 10000K, the special feeding device sends the metal wire into the plasma focus, the raw material is quickly melted or vaporized, and the plasma is impacted at high speed Dispersed and atomized into ultra-fine droplets or aerosols, in the process of flying deposition in the atomizing tower, heat exchange cooling and solidification into ultra-fine powder with cooling argon gas passing into the atomizing tower, the schematic diagram of PA equipment is shown in Figure 2. The metal powder prepared by PA method is nearly regular spherica, the overall particle size of the powder is fine. At present, the common techniques for gas atomization preparation of metal powder materials for additive manufacturing include Vacuum Induction-melting Gas Atomization (VIGA) and Electrode Induction-melting inert Gas Atomization (EIGA), the principles of the two methods are shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4. Among them, the VIGA method is mainly suitable for the production of iron-based alloys, nickel-based alloys, cobalt-based alloys, aluminum-based alloys, copper-based alloys and other powders, while the EIGA method is mainly applied to active metals and their alloys, intermetallic compounds, refractory metals Preparation of powder materials such as titanium and titanium alloys, titanium aluminum intermetallic compounds. Now our company will build a production line product the metal powder is used for 3D printing in the method of EIGA. Compared with other methods, EIGA method has the advantages of material saving, flexible production and more fine powder output in preparing active metal powder, so it is suitable for the production and preparation of titanium alloy powder for SLM process.Our company is willing and have ability to provide all kinds of high quality metal powder used for 3D printing for you. If you have demand of these products, please contact us. （Edit: Xinuo Titanium） Facebook Twitter Linkedin
Titanium Alloy building
Metal materials are used in buildings, especially in roofs. Copper is first used. Surface treated steel plates, aluminium, stainless steel and titanium are developed in turn. With the sustained development of national economy and the continuous improvement of people\'s living standards, people\'s requirements for urban buildings, especially for the aesthetics of buildings, are getting higher and higher. In recent years, architects have sought to use more advanced new building materials than traditional materials. Titanium metal has many excellent properties, which fully meet the many special performance requirements of building materials, so it is favored by architects and construction industry. Japan is the first country to apply titanium to buildings, and it is also the country with the largest application of titanium in buildings. It is mainly used in the roof of buildings, curtain walls, ports, bridges, tunnels, exterior walls, doorplate, railings, pipes and so on. Britain, France, the United States, Spain, the Netherlands, Canada, Belgium and Switzerland all have examples of using titanium metal as roof and curtain wall in buildings. Sweden, Singapore and Egypt have also begun to use titanium metal in some new buildings. In 1997, the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain, used titanium plates to construct curved surfaces. Abu Dhabi Airport also uses titanium, which uses hundreds of tons. It is the first airport in the world to use titanium as building materials.China first proposed the application of titanium metal building is the National Grand Theatre, the first application is the Hangzhou Grand Theatre. Titanium-based buildings include the entrance hall of China National Nonferrous Engineering Design and Research Institute, the First Pavilion of Linping East, Hangzhou, the roof of Shanghai Circus Acrobatic Stadium and Dalian Saint-Asia Polar World. The titanium sculpture \"Dolphin and Man\" in Riverside Park of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, the titanium sculpture \"Qian Kun Ball\" in Xingtai City Center Square, Hebei Province, and the titanium sculpture \"Rooster Dawn\" in Baoji City Pedestrian Street, Shaanxi Province are used for urban sculpture.In recent years, with the progress of global oceanization and the falling price of titanium raw materials, the demand and application scope of titanium in the field of construction and decoration are constantly expanding. It is expected that the demand for titanium materials in the construction and decoration industries will reach more than 5000 tons in the next few years, and the demand for titanium materials in marine engineering and island construction will reach more than 5000 tons. The amount of titanium used in shipbuilding industry will exceed 5000 tons. However, there is no Titanium Material Manufacturing Enterprise specializing in building decoration in our country. It is only simple to apply industrial materials in the civil field, which is far from the market and industry demand. It is urgent to establish specialized production lines to meet the various professional needs in this field.
Stocked Titanium rod and sheet
Baoji Xinnuo New Metal Materials Co., Ltd. has the warehouse with the most used sizes of medical use Titanium rod and sheet.The stocked rod and sheet have the material of unallyed titanium Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4, alloyed titanium Grade 5(Ti-6Al-4V), Grade 23(Ti-6Al-4V ELI), Ti-6Al-7Nb, can meet ISO 5832-2, ASTM F67, ISO 5832-3, ASTM F136, ISO 5832-11, ASTM F1295. This is our pack section. We pack the rod and sheet by plywood case, can meet the delivery by sea or by air. This is the pack details of our Titanium rod. For every batch of our goods, we pack them carefully and ensure the goods can be delivered to customers without any damage.
Focus on R&D to expand the market
---A worker sorts out titanium bars on a shelf in the finished product warehouse on July 22.Baoji Xinnuo New Metal Materials Co., Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise integrates R&D, production and sales of high-end titanium alloy materials, focuses on the development and production of various high-end titanium alloy materials. With an annual output of 1500 tons of high-end titanium alloy ingot, 500 tons of bars, wires and plates. The production of medical titanium alloy material accounts for more than 30% of the domestic market sales share, and has set up 6 marketing outlets in foreign countries. In the first half of the year, the company completed an output value of 54.48 million yuan.Reported by Shaanxi Daily.
SUT-DK-TB ultrasonic automatic flaw detector is being tested
Ultrasonic testing, abbreviated as UT, also known as ultrasonic testing, is the use of ultrasonic technology for testing, is one of the five conventional nondestructive testing methods. Characteristics of ultrasonic wave1. Ultrasonic beam can concentrate on a specific direction and propagate along a straight line in the medium, showing good directivity.2. Attenuation and scattering will occur during ultrasonic wave propagation in the medium.3. Ultrasonic wave will produce reflection, refraction and wave pattern conversion at the interface of heterogeneous media.By using these characteristics, the reflected waves from the interface of defects can be obtained, so as to achieve the purpose of detecting defects.4. Ultrasonic waves have much more energy than sound waves.5, ultrasonic transmission loss in the solid is small, detection depth is large, because the ultrasonic in the heterogeneous interface will occur reflection, refraction and other phenomena, especially can not pass through the gas-solid interface.If there are defects in the metal such as pores, cracks, delamination (gas in the defect) or inclusions, all or part of the reflection will occur when the ultrasonic wave propagates to the interface between the metal and the defect.The reflected ultrasonic wave is received by the probe, and processed by the circuit inside the instrument, the waveform with different height and certain distance will be displayed on the fluorescent screen of the instrument.The depth, position and shape of the defect in the workpiece can be judged according to the changing characteristics of the waveform. Test specifications for Ф 6.0 to Ф 40 mm in diameter tube, rod, precision can reach the domestic leading level, the minimum detectable 0.3 mm flat bottom hole defect equivalent size, tube, rod surface precision can reach 0.8 * 0.8 * 3 mm), the highest detection rate can be up to 3 m/min, which can realize tube bar automatic high precision detection and greatly reduce the influence of human factors on the detection accuracy.
XINNUO\'s new Testing equipment：Ode-c20a4o optical surface detector
Recently our company had purchased a set of test equipment, which is Ode-c20a4o optical surface detector. The scope of testing specification for 4.0 Ф Ф 24 mm diameter rod, for all kinds of surface defects (cracks, pits, etc.) has higher identification precision, minimum identification defect area of 0.01 m2, the highest detection rate of 30 m/min, which can realize good silk material of high efficiency and high precision end surface defect detection. Using this set of equipment is reducing the error caused by manual operation, and XINNUO is bend ourselves to to providing the higher quality to all customers all the time.